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PGT-A

PGT-A is a genetic screening test for embryos created through in vitro fertilisation. It assesses the number of chromosomes in the analysed cells and provides additional information when selecting an embryo for transfer.

The biopsy is performed by an embryologist in the laboratory, and the sample is analysed in a specialised genetics laboratory. No additional procedure, anaesthesia or recovery is required for the patient.

At Adella Clinic, we will explain the possible results, how they are interpreted and how they may influence the embryo transfer plan.

Duration

The test is performed once suitable embryos have reached the blastocyst stage and requires time for genetic analysis.

Stay at the Clinic

No additional stay is required beyond the visits associated with the IVF procedure.

Feeling

The biopsy is performed on the embryos in the laboratory and does not cause physical discomfort for the patient.

Additional Information When Selecting an Embryo for Transfer

What information does PGT-A provide?

What does it mean?

  • PGT-A stands for preimplantation genetic testing for aneuploidy.
  • The test assesses whether the analysed cells contain the expected number of chromosomes.
  • An embryo with the expected number of chromosomes is classified as euploid.

What is important to know?

  • An extra or missing chromosome is classified as aneuploidy.
  • Chromosomal abnormalities may affect implantation and the development of a pregnancy.
  • The result may be euploid, aneuploid, mosaic or inconclusive

Individual Assessment Based on Medical History

When can PGT-A be discussed?

  • 1

    At a more advanced reproductive age

    As oocyte age increases, the likelihood that some embryos will have chromosomal abnormalities also increases.
    PGT-A may be discussed when several blastocysts are expected to be obtained and the result could help inform embryo selection for transfer.
  • 2

    Following recurrent pregnancy loss

    Chromosomal abnormalities are among the possible causes of early pregnancy loss.
    PGT-A may form part of a broader assessment, but it does not replace other investigations aimed at identifying the cause.
  • 3

    Following unsuccessful embryo transfers

    After several transfers without implantation, the test may provide additional information about the embryos.
    Before making a recommendation, we also assess the uterine cavity, the endometrium, the developmental stage of the embryos and other factors.
  • 4

    When there are several embryos to choose from

    PGT-A may help with the selection of a single embryo for transfer when several suitable blastocysts have been obtained.
    The potential benefit is always considered in relation to the number of embryos available.
How does PGT-A differ from other tests?
PGT-A assesses the number of chromosomes but does not look for a specific inherited condition.
PGT-M is used when a monogenic condition has been identified in the family.
PGT-SR is used when one partner carries a structural chromosomal rearrangement.
What can PGT-A not detect?
PGT-A does not analyse all genes and cannot exclude every inherited disorder or congenital condition.
A euploid result does not guarantee implantation, pregnancy or live birth.
The test does not replace standard prenatal screening and diagnostic testing during pregnancy.

The Faces of Hope

How is the embryo biopsy performed?

After fertilisation, the embryos are monitored until they reach the blastocyst stage, which is usually reached between day five and day seven.

For a suitable embryo, the embryologist removes a small number of cells from the trophectoderm — the outer cell layer that later contributes to the formation of the placenta.

The procedure is carried out using precise laboratory techniques to preserve the integrity of the embryo.

What happens after the biopsy?

After the sample has been collected, the embryos are frozen by vitrification and stored under controlled conditions.

The samples are sent to a specialised genetics laboratory for analysis of the chromosomal material.

Once the results are available, the doctor and embryologist will discuss them with you and plan the preparation for a frozen embryo transfer.

Development, Biopsy, Genetic Analysis and Transfer

How is PGT-A performed?

What happens in the laboratory?

  • The oocytes are fertilised and the embryos are monitored until they reach the blastocyst stage.
  • A small number of cells are removed from suitable blastocysts.
  • The embryos are vitrified following the biopsy.
  • The samples are sent for genetic analysis.

What happens after the result?

  • The result for each embryo is reviewed by the doctor and embryologist.
  • The meaning and limitations of the information obtained are discussed.
  • It is determined which embryo may be prioritised for transfer.
  • A subsequent cycle is prepared for frozen embryo transfer.

Possible Results and Their Significance

What can the results mean?

Euploid result

The analysed sample contains the expected number of chromosomes. Euploid embryos are usually prioritised for transfer according to their development and morphological assessment.

Aneuploid result

A missing or additional chromosome has been identified. These embryos usually have a lower potential for implantation and development.

Mosaic result

The sample contains cells with different chromosomal profiles. In such cases, an individual assessment is required, often together with consultation with a medical geneticist.

Inconclusive result

Sometimes, a reliable result cannot be obtained. Depending on the individual case, a repeat biopsy or transfer without further testing may be discussed.

What can PGT-A change?

  • It may help with the selection and prioritisation of embryos for transfer.
  • It may reduce transfers of embryos with identified aneuploidy.
  • It does not increase the number of embryos created.
  • It does not alter the chromosomal composition and does not turn an aneuploid embryo into a euploid embryo.

What are the limitations and risks?

  • The biopsy analyses a small number of cells rather than the entire embryo.
  • Mosaic, inconclusive and, rarely, inaccurate results are possible.
  • There is a small risk that the embryo may be affected during the biopsy, vitrification or warming process.
  • The result does not guarantee implantation, pregnancy or live birth.

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